Merger of ancient galaxies could explain the origin of today’s giants

Merger of ancient galaxies could explain the origin of today’s giants

The elliptical galaxy NGC 4150. Observation of a merger between two galaxies early in the life of the Universe could explain the origin of large elliptical galaxies. NASA, ESA, R.M. Crockett (University of Oxford, U.K.), S. Kaviraj (Imperial College London and University of Oxford, U.K.), J. Silk (University of Oxford), M. Mutchler (Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore), R. O'Connell (University of Virginia, … [Read more...]

RIP and good planet hunting, Kepler

RIP and good planet hunting, Kepler

Very few experiments have changed the way we perceive our Universe, but the Kepler exoplanet survey telescope is one such example. Simply by monitoring a single patch of the sky continuously, it provided a new understanding of how many planets exist in the galaxy. Since its launch in 2009, Kepler identified 115 exoplanets with over 2,700 other potential planet candidates—including a number that are comparable in size to Earth or orbiting within … [Read more...]

Powerful winds on giant planets confined to a thin atmospheric layer

Powerful winds on giant planets confined to a thin atmospheric layer

A false-color Hubble image of Neptune, showing the strong band structure in the atmosphere, where winds may exceed 300 meters per second. Lawrence A. Sromovsky (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and NASA/ESA The icy giant worlds Uranus and Neptune are the least studied planets in the Solar System. Of all the space probes only Voyager 2 visited them, and their great distance from the Sun (and therefore Earth) makes them … [Read more...]

Telescope detects the most energetic gamma-ray burst yet

Telescope detects the most energetic gamma-ray burst yet

Gamma-ray images of the region of the sky containing the bright gamma-ray burst GRB 130427A, before and during the event. NASA/DOE/Fermi LAT Collaboration Gamma-ray bursts, the explosions of extremely massive stars, are some of the most violent phenomena in the Universe. Early in the morning of April 27, 2013, an exceptionally bright gamma-ray burst (GRB) triggered the automatic detection system aboard the orbiting Fermi … [Read more...]

Does antimatter fall up? Experiment could provide the answer

Does antimatter fall up? Experiment could provide the answer

A portion of the ALPHA experiment, designed to create and trap antihydrogen atoms. CERN/ALPHA collaboration How deep does the asymmetry between matter and antimatter go? Each type of particle (electrons, protons, etc.) have antimatter partners: positrons, antiprotons, and so forth. These antiparticles have an opposite electric charge (unless they're neutral), but otherwise behave much like their matter counterparts. But … [Read more...]

High-mass pulsar binary provides best test of general relativity

High-mass pulsar binary provides best test of general relativity

Artist's impression of a binary system containing a pulsar (smaller object with jets of light) and a white dwarf. The result of their mutual orbit generates gravitational waves, shown as the ripples in space-time. Luis Calçada/European Southern Observatory The general theory of relativity is a remarkably successful model for gravity. However, many of the best tests for it don't push its limits: they measure phenomena … [Read more...]