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Your guide to what Trump’s second term means for Washington, business and the world

**Key Takeaways**

1. **Geopolitical Risk Premium Soars:** President Trump’s aggressive rhetoric following Iranian missile strikes has injected a significant geopolitical risk premium into energy markets, driving Brent crude over 7% higher to $90.45 per barrel on fears of supply disruptions from the critical Middle East region.
2. **Broader Market Volatility Expected:** Beyond oil, escalating US-Iran tensions signal increased volatility across global asset classes, potentially prompting a flight to safe-haven assets like gold and the dollar, while pressuring equity markets and disrupting crucial shipping lanes vital for international trade.
3. **Regional Conflict Threatens Global Economy:** The involvement of Saudi Arabia and various Iran-backed militant groups elevates the risk of a wider regional conflict, which could severely impact global supply chains, exacerbate inflationary pressures, and complicate central banks’ ongoing efforts to maintain economic stability and manage interest rate policy.

Donald Trump has vowed to deliver a “beating” to Iran in retaliation for what he called a “surprise” attack on US forces, threatening a further escalation of the conflict and immediately rattling energy markets with significant implications for global economic stability.

“We’re going to beat the fucking shit out of them,” Trump told Fox News on Wednesday. “We’ll be hitting them hard. They’re going to get a beating.”

The Iranian attack late on Tuesday ended a days-long pause in direct military action between the two countries that had temporarily eased geopolitical anxieties and, consequently, global oil prices. Brent crude, the international benchmark, climbed sharply following the US president’s remarks — up more than 7 per cent to $90.45 per barrel. This sharp ascent underscores market participants’ deep-seated concerns over the security of oil supplies emanating from the Middle East, a region responsible for a substantial portion of the world’s crude output and home to critical chokepoints like the Strait of Hormuz.

Trump’s comments came the morning after US Central Command (Centcom), which oversees American military operations in the Middle East, said the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) had launched ballistic missiles at US military installations in the region. It added that the strikes had been successfully intercepted. While the immediate physical damage might have been contained, the psychological impact on market sentiment was profound, signaling a dangerous breakdown in de-escalation efforts.

The president’s remarks also followed joint strikes by the US and Saudi Arabia on Iran-backed militant groups in Iraq on Tuesday, which came in response to Iranian drone attacks separate from the unexpected ballistic missiles. This tit-for-tat escalation highlights the complex, multi-layered nature of regional rivalries and the increasing difficulty of containing conflict to isolated incidents. The involvement of Saudi Arabia, a key OPEC+ player and global oil producer, introduces another layer of complexity, linking regional security directly to global energy supply strategies.

The renewed and escalating violence from Washington and Tehran risks a return to full-blown war, with potentially catastrophic consequences for global trade, investment, and economic growth. The involvement of Saudi Arabia and various militant groups also threatens to plunge the Middle East into a wider regional conflict, which would almost certainly trigger a more severe oil shock than the current surge. Such a scenario would not only impact crude prices but also dramatically increase shipping insurance costs through the Persian Gulf, affecting global supply chains for virtually all commodities and manufactured goods.

The IRGC said its aerospace force had targeted the US air base and Centcom’s regional headquarters in Jordan with several ballistic missiles. While the specific targets and efficacy of the strikes are under assessment, the act itself is a clear message of defiance and a demonstration of Iran’s willingness to directly challenge US military presence, regardless of the economic fallout.

Despite the aggressive rhetoric, Trump said that negotiations between Washington and Tehran would continue. “We’re going to let them keep talking.” This duality – threats of force alongside a stated openness to dialogue – creates significant uncertainty for markets, making it difficult for investors to price in future risks accurately. This unpredictability itself is a driver of volatility, as market participants hedge against a wide range of potential outcomes.

The US and Saudi Arabia conducted joint strikes in Iraq on Tuesday against Iran-backed militants that Centcom said had been ordered by the IRGC to attack American military targets and the kingdom’s energy infrastructure. Targeting Saudi energy infrastructure would be a significant red line, recalling past attacks on Aramco facilities that briefly disrupted global oil supplies and sent prices soaring. Such incidents underscore the vulnerability of critical global energy assets to regional instability.

Trump on Wednesday described Iran-backed militias as “a cancer on the world”, adding that the US-Saudi strikes had been co-ordinated with the Iraqi government. Iraq’s Iran-backed Shia militia groups said in a statement that at least 20 of their members had been killed in the US-Saudi strikes. The rising casualty count among non-state actors adds another layer to the conflict, increasing the potential for retaliatory actions from a diffuse network of proxy groups, further complicating de-escalation efforts.

On Friday, the US had paused strikes after 13 straight nights of attacks, with Washington saying Trump was giving “space” for talks with Tehran. Before the surprise ballistic missile attack, Iran had previously launched an assault on US military targets in the Middle East. This brief respite had allowed for a temporary easing of market tension, demonstrating how quickly geopolitical sentiment can pivot on the latest news.

Trump told Fox on Wednesday that US forces had just minutes to shoot down the incoming Iranian ballistic missiles overnight. This rapid response capability, while militarily reassuring, does little to calm the broader market fear that a miscalculation or an unintercepted strike could quickly spiral out of control.

“Resistance will continue” as long as threats against the Islamic republic continue and the US military’s “unlawful and malicious” acts against “our interests” persist, the IRGC said on Wednesday. This unwavering stance from Tehran suggests that the current cycle of escalation is unlikely to abate soon, ensuring that geopolitical risk will remain a primary concern for investors for the foreseeable future.

**Market Impact**

The immediate surge in Brent crude to over $90 per barrel is just the tip of the iceberg. Persistent geopolitical tension in the Middle East is set to amplify inflationary pressures globally, forcing central banks to contend with higher energy costs while navigating delicate monetary policy decisions. Equity markets are likely to exhibit increased volatility, with a potential flight from risk assets towards safe havens such as gold, the Japanese Yen, and the US dollar. Defensive sectors, particularly defense contractors, may see tailwinds, while energy-intensive industries and consumer discretionary spending could face headwinds. Furthermore, sustained instability threatens critical shipping lanes through the Strait of Hormuz, potentially leading to significantly higher insurance premiums and freight costs, disrupting global supply chains and impacting the profitability of international trade. Investor sentiment will remain highly sensitive to any further escalation or de-escalation signals, making prudent risk management and diversification paramount in the current environment.